License & Deployment Mix: 30 tools – 22 OSS, 0 SaaS. (OSS and SaaS counts can overlap when an open-source tool also offers a vendor-hosted edition.)
What Are Database Systems?
Database systems are software platforms that store, organize, retrieve, and manage structured or semi-structured data. They provide the persistence layer for virtually every application – from simple web forms to globally distributed enterprise platforms.
Database systems have evolved far beyond traditional relational tables. Modern organizations choose from multiple database paradigms based on data shape, query patterns, scalability requirements, and consistency guarantees:
- Relational (RDBMS) – SQL-based systems with ACID transactions, rigid schemas, and declarative joins. The backbone of enterprise applications for decades.
- Document databases – store data as JSON/BSON documents with flexible schemas. Ideal for content management, catalogs, and applications with evolving data models.
- Key-value stores – high-performance systems optimized for simple get/set operations. Used for caching, sessions, queues, and real-time data.
- Wide-column stores – massively scalable distributed stores designed for high write throughput and large datasets across many nodes.
- Time-series databases – optimized for time-stamped data (metrics, IoT, financial data). Append-heavy workloads with time-range queries.
- Graph databases – model data as nodes and relationships. Used for social networks, knowledge graphs, fraud detection, and recommendation engines.
- NewSQL / Distributed SQL – combine SQL semantics with horizontal scalability. Designed for cloud-native, globally distributed deployments that need both ACID and scale.
- Search engines (as databases) – full-text search and analytics engines that can serve as primary data stores for log data, content search, and analytics workloads.
The information on these pages was researched by a combination of human review and large language models. To suggest an addition or correction, please contact us. Prepared by Rhodium Systems Inc., author of the ResorsIT platform — a unified IT operations management platform for IT teams and MSPs that integrates a curated suite of open-source, commercial, and SaaS applications into a single system with shared identity, single sign-on, access control, and a common audit trail. Use this catalogue only as a starting point for your own research, and review any tool carefully against your own requirements before relying on it. Catalogue data version 2026.197.
Comparison
This evaluation covers the broader database landscape, including the identity and authentication mechanisms that any integration layer must connect through.
Overview Comparison
| Tool | Type | License | Language | Deployment | Pricing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PostgreSQL | RDBMS | PostgreSQL License | C | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); managed cloud pricing |
| MySQL | RDBMS | GPL-2.0 | C/C++ | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); managed cloud pricing |
| MariaDB | RDBMS | GPL-2.0 | C/C++ | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); SkySQL cloud pricing |
| SQLite | Embedded RDBMS | Public Domain | C | Embedded (library) | Free |
| CockroachDB | Distributed SQL | BSL / CCL | Go | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (core); CockroachDB Cloud per-node |
| YugabyteDB | Distributed SQL | Apache-2.0 (core) | C/C++ | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (core); YugabyteDB Managed per-node |
| TiDB | Distributed SQL | Apache-2.0 | Go | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); TiDB Cloud per-node |
| SQL Server | RDBMS | Proprietary | C/C++ | Self-hosted, Cloud | Express (free); Standard from $3,945; Enterprise from $15,123 |
| Oracle Database | RDBMS | Proprietary | C/C++ | Self-hosted, Cloud | XE (free); SE2 and EE per-processor/NUP licensing |
| IBM Db2 | RDBMS | Proprietary | C/C++ | Self-hosted, Cloud | Community (free); Standard and Advanced per-VPC |
| MongoDB | Document DB | SSPL | C++ | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (Community); Atlas cloud per-hour |
| CouchDB | Document DB | Apache-2.0 | Erlang | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); IBM Cloudant (managed) |
| FerretDB | MongoDB-compat on PostgreSQL | Apache-2.0 | Go | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); managed cloud pricing |
| Redis | Key-Value / Cache | RSALv2 / SSPLv1 | C | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); Redis Cloud per-GB |
| Valkey | Key-Value / Cache | BSD-3 | C | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); AWS ElastiCache/MemoryDB |
| KeyDB | Key-Value / Cache | BSD-3 | C++ | Self-hosted | Free |
| DragonflyDB | Key-Value / Cache | BSL | C++ | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); Dragonfly Cloud pricing |
| Memcached | Cache | BSD-3 | C | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); AWS ElastiCache |
| Apache Cassandra | Wide-Column | Apache-2.0 | Java | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); DataStax Astra per-GB |
| ScyllaDB | Wide-Column | AGPL-3.0 | C++ | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (OSS); ScyllaDB Cloud per-node |
| Apache HBase | Wide-Column | Apache-2.0 | Java | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (self-hosted); cloud Hadoop services |
| TimescaleDB | Time-Series | Apache-2.0 (core) | C | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (core); Timescale Cloud per-compute |
| QuestDB | Time-Series | Apache-2.0 | Java, C++ | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (OSS); QuestDB Cloud pricing |
| TDengine | Time-Series | AGPL-3.0 | C | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (OSS); TDengine Cloud pricing |
| Neo4j | Graph DB | GPL-3.0 (CE) | Java | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (CE); Neo4j AuraDB per-GB |
| ArangoDB | Multi-Model | Apache-2.0 | C++ | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (CE); ArangoGraph per-node |
| Dgraph | Graph DB | Apache-2.0 (core) | Go | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free (core); Dgraph Cloud pricing |
| Vitess | MySQL Sharding | Apache-2.0 | Go | Self-hosted, Cloud | Free; PlanetScale (managed Vitess) |
| PgBouncer | PostgreSQL Pooler | ISC | C | Self-hosted | Free |
| ProxySQL | MySQL/MariaDB Proxy | GPL-3.0 | C++ | Self-hosted | Free (OSS); ProxySQL Admin from quote |
Query Language & Data Model
| Tool | Query Language | Data Model | Schema | Joins | Transactions (ACID) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PostgreSQL | SQL (advanced compliance) | Relational (tables, JSONB) | Strict + flexible (JSONB) | Yes (full SQL joins) | Yes (serializable, repeatable read, read committed) |
| MySQL | SQL | Relational (tables, JSON) | Strict | Yes (full SQL joins) | Yes (InnoDB: repeatable read default) |
| MariaDB | SQL | Relational (tables, JSON) | Strict | Yes (full SQL joins) | Yes (InnoDB/Aria: repeatable read default) |
| SQLite | SQL (subset) | Relational (tables, JSON) | Flexible (type affinity) | Yes (full SQL joins) | Yes (serializable via WAL) |
| CockroachDB | SQL (PostgreSQL wire) | Relational (distributed) | Strict | Yes (distributed joins) | Yes (serializable default) |
| YugabyteDB | SQL (PostgreSQL) / CQL | Relational (distributed) | Strict (YSQL) / flexible (YCQL) | Yes (YSQL) / No (YCQL) | Yes (snapshot isolation / serializable) |
| TiDB | SQL (MySQL compatible) | Relational (distributed) | Strict | Yes (distributed joins) | Yes (snapshot isolation; optimistic/pessimistic) |
| SQL Server | T-SQL | Relational (tables, JSON) | Strict | Yes (full SQL joins) | Yes (read committed default; snapshot) |
| Oracle Database | PL/SQL | Relational (tables, JSON) | Strict | Yes (full SQL joins) | Yes (read committed default; serializable) |
| IBM Db2 | SQL (ANSI compliant) | Relational (tables, JSON, XML) | Strict | Yes (full SQL joins) | Yes (cursor stability default) |
| MongoDB | MQL (MongoDB Query Language) | Document (BSON) | Schema-free (optional validation) | No native joins ($lookup aggregation) | Yes (multi-document since 4.0) |
| CouchDB | HTTP/REST API; Mango queries | Document (JSON) | Schema-free | No | No (eventual consistency; per-doc ACID) |
| FerretDB | MQL (MongoDB compatible) | Document (JSON on PostgreSQL) | Schema-free | No native joins ($lookup) | Yes (via PostgreSQL backend) |
| Redis | Redis commands | Key-value (strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets, streams) | Schema-free | No | Yes (MULTI/EXEC; Lua scripts are atomic) |
| Valkey | Redis-compatible commands | Key-value (same as Redis) | Schema-free | No | Yes (MULTI/EXEC; Lua scripts) |
| KeyDB | Redis-compatible commands | Key-value (same as Redis) | Schema-free | No | Yes (MULTI/EXEC; Lua scripts) |
| DragonflyDB | Redis/Memcached commands | Key-value (Redis-compatible) | Schema-free | No | Yes (MULTI/EXEC) |
| Memcached | Memcached protocol (get/set) | Key-value (binary blobs) | Schema-free | No | No |
| Cassandra | CQL (SQL-like) | Wide-column (partition key + clustering) | Schema-defined (tables) | No | Limited (lightweight transactions; per-partition) |
| ScyllaDB | CQL (Cassandra compatible) | Wide-column (partition key + clustering) | Schema-defined (tables) | No | Limited (lightweight transactions) |
| HBase | Java API; HBase Shell; Phoenix SQL | Wide-column (row key + column families) | Schema-defined (column families) | No | Limited (per-row atomic) |
| TimescaleDB | SQL (full PostgreSQL) | Relational + hypertables (time-series) | Strict (PostgreSQL) | Yes (full SQL joins) | Yes (full PostgreSQL ACID) |
| QuestDB | SQL (PostgreSQL wire) + InfluxDB Line Protocol | Columnar (time-series) | Schema-on-write | Yes (limited joins) | No (append-only; eventual consistency) |
| TDengine | SQL-like (TAOS SQL) | Time-series (supertables, subtables) | Schema-defined | Yes (limited joins) | No (eventual consistency) |
| Neo4j | Cypher | Graph (nodes, relationships, properties) | Schema-optional (constraints) | N/A (graph traversal) | Yes (full ACID) |
| ArangoDB | AQL (ArangoDB Query Language) | Multi-model (document, graph, key-value) | Schema-optional (validation) | Yes (graph traversal + document joins) | Yes (full ACID) |
| Dgraph | DQL (Dgraph Query Language) / GraphQL | Graph (predicates, nodes) | Schema-defined (types) | N/A (graph traversal) | Yes (distributed ACID) |
| Vitess | SQL (MySQL compatible) | Relational (sharded MySQL) | Strict (MySQL) | Yes (cross-shard via scatter-gather) | Yes (single-shard ACID; cross-shard 2PC) |
| PgBouncer | N/A (proxy) | N/A (proxy) | N/A | N/A | N/A (passes through to PostgreSQL) |
| ProxySQL | N/A (proxy) | N/A (proxy) | N/A | N/A | N/A (passes through to MySQL) |
Identity & Authentication
This is the most critical comparison table for integration planning: a connection layer must speak whatever auth mechanism a given database has configured.
| Tool | Password Auth | Certificate / TLS | Kerberos / GSSAPI | LDAP | IAM Tokens | PAM | Vault Integration | Connection Encryption |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PostgreSQL | md5, SCRAM-SHA-256 | Yes (client cert) | Yes (GSSAPI) | Yes (ldap method) | AWS RDS IAM, Azure AD, GCP IAM | Yes | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (sslmode: verify-full) |
| MySQL | mysql_native_password, caching_sha2_password | Yes (client cert) | No native (via PAM) | Yes (auth_ldap plugin, Enterprise) | AWS RDS IAM, Azure AD, GCP IAM | Yes (auth_pam plugin) | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (–require_secure_transport) |
| MariaDB | mysql_native_password, ed25519 | Yes (client cert) | Yes (auth_gssapi plugin) | Yes (auth_pam + LDAP) | AWS RDS IAM | Yes (auth_pam plugin) | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (–require_secure_transport) |
| SQLite | N/A (embedded; no network auth) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A (file-level; OS permissions) |
| CockroachDB | Password (SCRAM-SHA-256) | Yes (client cert) | Yes (GSSAPI, Enterprise) | Yes (Enterprise) | No native (via Vault) | No | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (required by default) |
| YugabyteDB | Password (md5, SCRAM-SHA-256) | Yes (client cert) | No | Yes (YSQL ldap method) | No native (via Vault) | No | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (configurable) |
| TiDB | mysql_native_password, caching_sha2_password | Yes (client cert) | No | Yes (LDAP auth plugin) | No native (via Vault) | No | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (configurable) |
| SQL Server | SQL auth (password) | Yes (certificate) | Yes (Windows auth, NTLM/Kerberos) | Yes (via AD) | Azure AD / Entra ID | No | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (Encrypt=True) |
| Oracle Database | Password (SHA-512) | Yes (SSL cert) | Yes (Kerberos) | Yes (LDAP, OID, AD) | No native (OCI IAM for cloud) | No | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (TCPS / native encryption) |
| IBM Db2 | Password | Yes (SSL cert) | Yes (Kerberos) | Yes (via OS LDAP) | No native (IBM Cloud IAM for cloud) | No | Yes (via custom plugin) | TLS 1.2+ (configurable) |
| MongoDB | SCRAM-SHA-256, SCRAM-SHA-1 | Yes (x.509 cert) | Yes (Kerberos, Enterprise) | Yes (LDAP, Enterprise) | AWS IAM (Atlas) | No | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (–tls, –tlsCAFile) |
| CouchDB | Password (PBKDF2) | Yes (client cert via reverse proxy) | No | No (via proxy) | No | No | No native (via proxy) | TLS 1.2+ (ssl config) |
| FerretDB | SCRAM-SHA-256 (via PostgreSQL) | Yes (via PostgreSQL cert auth) | Yes (via PostgreSQL GSSAPI) | Yes (via PostgreSQL ldap) | Via PostgreSQL IAM | Yes (via PostgreSQL PAM) | Yes (via PostgreSQL Vault) | TLS 1.2+ (via PostgreSQL) |
| Redis | Password (requirepass), ACL users | Yes (TLS client cert) | No | No | No native | No | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (tls-port, tls-cert-file) |
| Valkey | Password (requirepass), ACL users | Yes (TLS client cert) | No | No | No native | No | Yes (via Redis-compatible engine) | TLS 1.2+ (same as Redis) |
| KeyDB | Password (requirepass), ACL users | Yes (TLS client cert) | No | No | No native | No | Yes (via Redis-compatible engine) | TLS 1.2+ (same as Redis) |
| DragonflyDB | Password (requirepass), ACL users | Yes (TLS client cert) | No | No | No native | No | Yes (via Redis-compatible engine) | TLS 1.2+ (TLS config) |
| Memcached | No native auth (SASL optional) | No native (stunnel for TLS) | No | No | No | No | No | No native (stunnel or proxy) |
| Cassandra | PasswordAuthenticator | Yes (client cert, internode TLS) | Yes (Kerberos via DataStax) | Yes (LDAP via DataStax Enterprise) | No native | No | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (client_encryption_options) |
| ScyllaDB | PasswordAuthenticator (Cassandra-compatible) | Yes (client cert) | No native | Yes (LDAP, Enterprise) | No native | No | Yes (database secrets engine) | TLS 1.2+ (client_encryption_options) |
| HBase | No native (Kerberos required for secure mode) | No native | Yes (Kerberos, required for security) | No | No | No | No | TLS (configurable; SASL) |
| TimescaleDB | Via PostgreSQL (md5, SCRAM-SHA-256) | Yes (via PostgreSQL cert) | Yes (via PostgreSQL GSSAPI) | Yes (via PostgreSQL ldap) | Via PostgreSQL IAM | Yes (via PostgreSQL PAM) | Yes (via PostgreSQL Vault) | TLS 1.2+ (via PostgreSQL) |
| QuestDB | Password (basic auth) | Yes (TLS) | No | No | No | No | No | TLS 1.2+ (configurable) |
| TDengine | Password | Yes (TLS) | No | No | No | No | No | TLS 1.2+ (configurable) |
| Neo4j | Native auth (bcrypt) | Yes (client cert, bolt+s) | Yes (Kerberos, Enterprise) | Yes (LDAP, Enterprise) | No native | No | No native (via plugin) | TLS 1.2+ (bolt+s, https) |
| ArangoDB | Password (PBKDF2) | Yes (TLS client cert) | No | Yes (LDAP, Enterprise) | No native | No | No native | TLS 1.2+ (–ssl.endpoint) |
| Dgraph | Password (ACL, Enterprise) | Yes (mutual TLS) | No | No | No | No | No | TLS 1.2+ (–tls) |
| Vitess | Via MySQL (pass-through) | Yes (via MySQL TLS) | No native | Via MySQL | Via MySQL | Via MySQL | Yes (via MySQL Vault engine) | TLS 1.2+ (via MySQL) |
| PgBouncer | Pass-through to PostgreSQL; md5, SCRAM-SHA-256 | Yes (client cert pass-through) | No (terminates at PgBouncer) | No | No | No | Yes (via PostgreSQL) | TLS 1.2+ (client_tls_sslmode) |
| ProxySQL | Pass-through to MySQL; hashed passwords | Yes (TLS termination) | No | No (queries MySQL users) | No | No | Yes (via MySQL Vault engine) | TLS 1.2+ (mysql-ssl_p2s) |
Best auth flexibility: PostgreSQL (9 methods), SQL Server (SQL + Windows + Azure AD + cert), Oracle (password + Kerberos + LDAP + cert + RADIUS
- OS), MongoDB Enterprise (SCRAM + x.509 + LDAP + Kerberos + IAM)
Cloud IAM auth: PostgreSQL (AWS/Azure/GCP), MySQL (AWS/Azure/GCP), SQL Server (Azure AD), MongoDB Atlas (AWS IAM)
Vault database secrets engine: PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQL Server, Oracle, MongoDB, Cassandra, CockroachDB, Redis, Elasticsearch
No network auth (embedded): SQLite
Minimal auth: Memcached (SASL only; no TLS without stunnel), QuestDB, TDengine, Dgraph
Replication & High Availability
| Tool | Replication Type | Multi-Master | Auto-Failover | Read Replicas | Cross-Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PostgreSQL | Streaming (sync/async), Logical | No native (BDR extension) | Via Patroni, repmgr, pg_auto_failover | Yes (streaming replicas) | Yes (async streaming) |
| MySQL | Binary log (async, semi-sync), Group Replication | Yes (Group Replication, NDB Cluster) | Yes (Group Replication, InnoDB Cluster) | Yes (read replicas) | Yes (async replication) |
| MariaDB | Binary log (async, semi-sync), Galera | Yes (Galera Cluster) | Yes (Galera, MaxScale) | Yes (read replicas) | Yes (async replication) |
| SQLite | No native (Litestream for streaming) | No | No | No | No |
| CockroachDB | Raft consensus (synchronous) | Yes (multi-active) | Yes (automatic) | Yes (follower reads) | Yes (geo-partitioning) |
| YugabyteDB | Raft consensus (synchronous) | Yes (multi-active) | Yes (automatic) | Yes (follower reads) | Yes (geo-distributed) |
| TiDB | Raft consensus (synchronous) | No (single write leader per region) | Yes (automatic via PD) | Yes (follower reads) | Yes (multi-datacenter) |
| SQL Server | Always On AG (sync/async), Log Shipping | No (Always On is primary + secondaries) | Yes (Always On automatic failover) | Yes (readable secondaries) | Yes (async AG, distributed AG) |
| Oracle Database | Data Guard (sync/async), GoldenGate | Yes (RAC for HA; GoldenGate for multi-master) | Yes (Data Guard Fast-Start Failover) | Yes (Active Data Guard) | Yes (Data Guard, GoldenGate) |
| IBM Db2 | HADR (sync/async), Q Replication | No native (Q Replication bidirectional) | Yes (HADR automatic failover) | Yes (HADR standby reads) | Yes (Q Replication) |
| MongoDB | Replica set (async; optional majority write concern) | No (single primary per replica set) | Yes (automatic election) | Yes (secondary reads) | Yes (cross-region replica sets) |
| CouchDB | Multi-master (CouchDB Replication Protocol) | Yes (native) | No native (manual promotion) | Yes (any node reads) | Yes (cross-region sync) |
| FerretDB | Via PostgreSQL replication | Via PostgreSQL | Via PostgreSQL | Via PostgreSQL | Via PostgreSQL |
| Redis | Async replication | No (Redis Cluster: single master per shard) | Yes (Redis Sentinel, Redis Cluster) | Yes (read replicas) | No native (Redis Enterprise) |
| Valkey | Async replication (same as Redis) | No | Yes (Sentinel, Cluster mode) | Yes (read replicas) | No native |
| KeyDB | Async replication + Active Replication | Yes (Active Replication) | Yes (Active Replication) | Yes (read replicas) | No native |
| DragonflyDB | Async replication (Redis-compatible) | No | No native | Yes (read replicas) | No native |
| Memcached | No native replication | No | No | No | No |
| Cassandra | Async replication (tunable consistency) | Yes (all nodes accept writes) | Yes (masterless; no failover needed) | Yes (any node reads) | Yes (multi-datacenter) |
| ScyllaDB | Async replication (Cassandra-compatible) | Yes (all nodes accept writes) | Yes (masterless) | Yes (any node reads) | Yes (multi-datacenter) |
| HBase | Async replication (WAL-based) | No (single master per region) | Yes (automatic region failover) | No (reads from region server) | Yes (cross-cluster replication) |
| TimescaleDB | Via PostgreSQL replication | Via PostgreSQL | Via PostgreSQL (Patroni) | Via PostgreSQL | Via PostgreSQL |
| QuestDB | Enterprise replication | No | Enterprise | Enterprise | Enterprise |
| TDengine | Vnode replication (sync/async) | No (single leader per vgroup) | Yes (automatic) | Yes (follower reads) | No native |
| Neo4j | Raft consensus (causal clustering) | No (single write leader) | Yes (automatic leader election) | Yes (read replicas) | Yes (multi-datacenter) |
| ArangoDB | Synchronous replication (cluster) | No (single leader per shard) | Yes (automatic failover) | Yes (follower reads) | Yes (datacenter-to-datacenter) |
| Dgraph | Raft consensus | No (single leader per group) | Yes (automatic) | Yes (any replica reads) | No native |
| Vitess | Via MySQL replication | Via MySQL | Yes (PlannedReparent, EmergencyReparent) | Yes (via MySQL replicas) | Yes (via MySQL async) |
| PgBouncer | N/A (pooler) | N/A | N/A (relies on PostgreSQL failover) | N/A (can route to replicas) | N/A |
| ProxySQL | N/A (proxy) | N/A | Yes (detects backend failures; reroutes) | Yes (read/write split) | N/A |
Best HA: CockroachDB, YugabyteDB (automatic Raft consensus; built-in); Cassandra, ScyllaDB (masterless; no single point of failure)
PostgreSQL HA: Requires external tooling (Patroni, repmgr) for automatic failover. This is well-understood and widely deployed.
Key-value HA: Redis Sentinel/Cluster, Valkey Cluster for automatic failover. KeyDB Active Replication provides true multi-master.
Scalability
| Tool | Horizontal Scaling | Sharding | Max Cluster Size | Cloud-Managed Options |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PostgreSQL | Limited (read replicas; Citus extension for sharding) | Citus (extension), manual | Single primary + replicas; Citus: 100+ nodes | AWS RDS/Aurora, Azure Database, GCP Cloud SQL, Supabase, Neon |
| MySQL | Limited (read replicas; NDB Cluster, Vitess for sharding) | NDB Cluster, Vitess, ProxySQL | Single primary + replicas; NDB: 48 data nodes | AWS RDS/Aurora, Azure Database, GCP Cloud SQL |
| MariaDB | Limited (read replicas; Galera for multi-master) | MariaDB MaxScale, Spider engine | Galera: tested to 10+ nodes; MaxScale routes | SkySQL, AWS RDS, Azure Database |
| SQLite | None (single file) | N/A | Single process | N/A (embedded) |
| CockroachDB | Native (automatic sharding) | Automatic range-based | Tested to 1,000+ nodes | CockroachDB Dedicated/Serverless |
| YugabyteDB | Native (automatic sharding) | Automatic hash/range | Tested to 100+ nodes | YugabyteDB Managed |
| TiDB | Native (automatic sharding) | Automatic (TiKV regions) | Tested to 100+ nodes | TiDB Cloud (AWS, GCP) |
| SQL Server | Limited (read replicas, AG) | Table partitioning; no native sharding | Always On AG: up to 9 replicas | Azure SQL Database (serverless, Hyperscale) |
| Oracle Database | RAC (scale-up), Sharding (scale-out) | Oracle Sharding (12.2+) | RAC: 100+ nodes | OCI Autonomous Database, Exadata Cloud |
| IBM Db2 | pureScale (scale-out) | DPF (Database Partitioning Feature) | pureScale: 128 members | IBM Cloud Databases for Db2 |
| MongoDB | Native (automatic sharding) | Hash, range, zone-based sharding | Tested to 1,000+ shards | MongoDB Atlas (AWS, Azure, GCP) |
| CouchDB | Native (automatic sharding in 2.x+) | Automatic | Tested to dozens of nodes | IBM Cloudant |
| FerretDB | Via PostgreSQL (Citus or read replicas) | Via PostgreSQL | Via PostgreSQL | FerretDB on managed PostgreSQL |
| Redis | Redis Cluster (hash slots) | Automatic (16,384 hash slots) | Cluster: 1,000 nodes (recommended) | AWS ElastiCache, Azure Cache, Redis Cloud |
| Valkey | Cluster mode (hash slots) | Automatic (16,384 hash slots) | Same as Redis Cluster | AWS ElastiCache, AWS MemoryDB |
| KeyDB | Cluster mode + Active Replication | Automatic (hash slots) | Similar to Redis Cluster | N/A |
| DragonflyDB | Cluster mode (emulated) | Hash-based | Tested to multi-node | Dragonfly Cloud |
| Memcached | Client-side sharding (consistent hashing) | Client-side only | No limit (client-side distribution) | AWS ElastiCache |
| Cassandra | Native (automatic sharding) | Automatic (consistent hashing, vnodes) | Tested to 1,000+ nodes | DataStax Astra (serverless) |
| ScyllaDB | Native (automatic sharding, shard-per-core) | Automatic (consistent hashing) | Tested to 1,000+ nodes | ScyllaDB Cloud |
| HBase | Native (automatic region splitting) | Automatic (region-based) | Tested to 1,000+ region servers | AWS EMR, Azure HDInsight, GCP Dataproc |
| TimescaleDB | Multi-node (distributed hypertables) | Automatic (time + space partitioning) | Multi-node: tested to 20+ nodes | Timescale Cloud |
| QuestDB | Enterprise (limited) | No native | Single node (OSS) | QuestDB Cloud |
| TDengine | Native (vgroups) | Automatic (vnode-based) | Tested to 100+ dnodes | TDengine Cloud |
| Neo4j | Causal clustering (read scale-out) | No native sharding (fabric for federation) | Causal cluster: tested to 20+ nodes | Neo4j AuraDB (AWS, GCP) |
| ArangoDB | Native clustering (automatic sharding) | Automatic (hash-based) | Tested to 100+ nodes | ArangoGraph (AWS, Azure, GCP) |
| Dgraph | Native (automatic sharding via groups) | Automatic (predicate-based) | Tested to 100+ nodes | Dgraph Cloud |
| Vitess | Native (horizontal sharding of MySQL) | Hash, range, custom sharding | Tested to 1,000+ shards (YouTube scale) | PlanetScale |
| PgBouncer | N/A (pooler) | N/A | Single instance (multiple for HA) | N/A |
| ProxySQL | N/A (proxy; routes to multiple backends) | N/A (routing only) | ProxySQL Cluster for proxy HA | N/A |
Backup & Recovery
| Tool | Point-in-Time Recovery | Logical Backup | Physical Backup | Continuous Backup |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PostgreSQL | Yes (WAL archiving + pg_basebackup) | pg_dump, pg_dumpall | pg_basebackup, pgBackRest, Barman | Yes (WAL archiving, pgBackRest, Barman) |
| MySQL | Yes (binlog + full backup) | mysqldump, mysqlpump, mydumper | Percona XtraBackup, MySQL Enterprise Backup | Yes (binlog streaming) |
| MariaDB | Yes (binlog + full backup) | mysqldump, mariadb-dump, mydumper | Mariabackup (fork of XtraBackup) | Yes (binlog streaming) |
| SQLite | No native PITR | .dump command, sqlite3_backup API | File copy (with WAL checkpoint) | Litestream (continuous WAL replication) |
| CockroachDB | Yes (AOST: AS OF SYSTEM TIME) | BACKUP / RESTORE (SQL) | N/A (distributed; backup is logical) | Yes (incremental + scheduled BACKUP) |
| YugabyteDB | Yes (PITR with YSQL) | ysql_dump, ycql_dump | yb_backup (distributed snapshot) | Yes (incremental snapshots) |
| TiDB | Yes (via BR tool + binlog/CDC) | Dumpling (logical export) | BR (Backup & Restore; distributed) | Yes (TiCDC for change capture) |
| SQL Server | Yes (transaction log backup + restore) | BCP, BACPAC, SQL export | Full/Differential/Log backup | Yes (log shipping, managed backup) |
| Oracle Database | Yes (RMAN + archived redo logs) | Data Pump (expdp/impdp) | RMAN (Recovery Manager) | Yes (RMAN + archived logs, Data Guard) |
| IBM Db2 | Yes (log-based PITR) | db2move, db2look | db2 BACKUP DATABASE | Yes (log archiving) |
| MongoDB | Yes (oplog-based PITR) | mongodump / mongorestore | Percona Backup for MongoDB, Atlas Backup | Yes (continuous backup, Atlas) |
| CouchDB | No native PITR | Replication to backup node | File-system snapshot | Continuous replication (via replicator) |
| FerretDB | Via PostgreSQL PITR | Via pg_dump | Via pg_basebackup | Via PostgreSQL WAL archiving |
| Redis | No native PITR | N/A (not applicable) | RDB snapshots, AOF persistence | AOF (append-only file; fsync policies) |
| Valkey | No native PITR | N/A | RDB snapshots, AOF persistence | AOF (same as Redis) |
| KeyDB | No native PITR | N/A | RDB snapshots, AOF, FLASH | AOF (same as Redis) |
| DragonflyDB | No native PITR | N/A | RDB snapshots | Snapshot-based |
| Memcached | N/A (no persistence) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Cassandra | No native PITR | CQL COPY, sstableloader | nodetool snapshot (SSTable snapshots) | No native (Medusa for scheduled backup) |
| ScyllaDB | No native PITR | CQL COPY | nodetool snapshot (compatible) | ScyllaDB Manager (scheduled snapshots) |
| HBase | No native PITR | Export/CopyTable | HBase snapshot | No native (snapshot-based) |
| TimescaleDB | Via PostgreSQL PITR | Via pg_dump (with timescaledb options) | Via pg_basebackup | Via PostgreSQL WAL archiving |
| QuestDB | No native PITR | REST API export (CSV) | File-system snapshot | No native |
| TDengine | No native PITR | taosdump | File-system snapshot | No native |
| Neo4j | No native PITR | neo4j-admin dump | neo4j-admin dump (offline) / backup (online, Enterprise) | No native (scheduled backup) |
| ArangoDB | No native PITR | arangodump / arangorestore | Hot backup (Enterprise) | No native (scheduled hot backup) |
| Dgraph | No native PITR | dgraph export (RDF/JSON) | dgraph backup (Enterprise) | Incremental backup (Enterprise) |
| Vitess | Via MySQL PITR | Via mysqldump (per shard) | VTBackup (per shard physical) | Via MySQL binlog |
| PgBouncer | N/A (pooler) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| ProxySQL | N/A (proxy) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Best PITR: PostgreSQL (pgBackRest, Barman), MySQL (XtraBackup + binlog), SQL Server (log-based), Oracle (RMAN), MongoDB (oplog-based)
Distributed backup: CockroachDB, YugabyteDB, TiDB (built-in distributed backup and restore)
No persistence: Memcached (pure cache; no backup applicable)
Monitoring Integration
How each database integrates with monitoring components (Telegraf for metrics, Fluent Bit for logs, Grafana for dashboards).
| Tool | Telegraf Input Plugin | Fluent Bit | Grafana Dashboard | Prometheus Exporter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PostgreSQL | inputs.postgresql, inputs.postgresql_extensible | Yes (postgresql.log, slow query log) | Yes (community dashboards; connections, replication, locks) | postgres_exporter |
| MySQL | inputs.mysql | Yes (error log, slow query log, general log) | Yes (community dashboards; InnoDB, replication, queries) | mysqld_exporter |
| MariaDB | inputs.mysql (compatible) | Yes (error log, slow query log) | Yes (same as MySQL dashboards) | mysqld_exporter (compatible) |
| SQLite | No (embedded; no network metrics) | No (application-level only) | No | No |
| CockroachDB | inputs.prometheus (CockroachDB exposes Prometheus endpoint) | Yes (cockroach.log) | Yes (community dashboards; SQL, storage, replication) | Native Prometheus endpoint |
| YugabyteDB | inputs.prometheus (Prometheus endpoint) | Yes (yb-tserver.log, yb-master.log) | Yes (community dashboards) | Native Prometheus endpoint |
| TiDB | inputs.prometheus (Prometheus endpoint) | Yes (tidb.log, tikv.log, pd.log) | Yes (TiDB-specific Grafana dashboards) | Native Prometheus endpoint |
| SQL Server | inputs.sqlserver | Yes (error log, SQL Agent log) | Yes (community dashboards; waits, I/O, AG health) | sql_exporter |
| Oracle Database | inputs.execd (custom script), inputs.prometheus | Yes (alert log, audit log) | Yes (custom dashboards via oracledb_exporter) | oracledb_exporter |
| IBM Db2 | inputs.execd (custom script) | Yes (db2diag.log, audit log) | Yes (custom dashboards) | No standard exporter |
| MongoDB | inputs.mongodb | Yes (mongod.log, structured JSON) | Yes (community dashboards; operations, replication, WiredTiger) | mongodb_exporter |
| CouchDB | inputs.couchdb | Yes (CouchDB log) | Yes (community dashboards) | couchdb_exporter |
| FerretDB | Via PostgreSQL plugins | Via PostgreSQL logs | Via PostgreSQL dashboards | Via postgres_exporter |
| Redis | inputs.redis | Yes (redis-server log) | Yes (community dashboards; memory, clients, commands) | redis_exporter |
| Valkey | inputs.redis (compatible) | Yes (valkey-server log) | Yes (same as Redis dashboards) | redis_exporter (compatible) |
| KeyDB | inputs.redis (compatible) | Yes (keydb-server log) | Yes (same as Redis dashboards) | redis_exporter (compatible) |
| DragonflyDB | inputs.redis (compatible) | Yes (dragonfly log) | Yes (Redis-compatible dashboards) | redis_exporter (compatible) |
| Memcached | inputs.memcached | No (minimal logging) | Yes (community dashboards; connections, hit ratio) | memcached_exporter |
| Cassandra | inputs.jolokia2_agent (JMX) | Yes (system.log, debug.log) | Yes (community dashboards; read/write latency, compactions) | jmx_exporter |
| ScyllaDB | inputs.prometheus (native Prometheus endpoint) | Yes (scylla.log) | Yes (ScyllaDB Monitoring Stack dashboards) | Native Prometheus endpoint |
| HBase | inputs.jolokia2_agent (JMX) | Yes (hbase-*.log) | Yes (custom dashboards) | jmx_exporter |
| TimescaleDB | Via PostgreSQL plugins | Via PostgreSQL logs | Yes (TimescaleDB-specific + PostgreSQL dashboards) | Via postgres_exporter |
| QuestDB | inputs.prometheus (Prometheus endpoint) | Yes (QuestDB log) | Yes (community dashboards) | Native Prometheus endpoint |
| TDengine | inputs.prometheus (Prometheus endpoint) | Yes (taosd log) | Yes (TDengine Grafana plugin) | Native Prometheus endpoint |
| Neo4j | inputs.prometheus (Prometheus endpoint) | Yes (neo4j.log, debug.log) | Yes (community dashboards) | Native Prometheus endpoint (4.x+) |
| ArangoDB | inputs.prometheus (Prometheus endpoint) | Yes (arangod.log) | Yes (community dashboards) | Native Prometheus endpoint |
| Dgraph | inputs.prometheus (Prometheus endpoint) | Yes (dgraph.log) | Yes (community dashboards) | Native Prometheus endpoint |
| Vitess | inputs.prometheus (vtgate/vttablet metrics) | Yes (vtgate.log, vttablet.log) | Yes (Vitess Grafana dashboards) | Native Prometheus endpoint |
| PgBouncer | inputs.pgbouncer | Yes (pgbouncer.log) | Yes (community dashboards; pool stats, wait times) | pgbouncer_exporter |
| ProxySQL | inputs.proxysql | Yes (proxysql.log) | Yes (community dashboards; query rules, backend health) | proxysql_exporter |
Best monitoring integration: PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, Redis, MongoDB (dedicated Telegraf input plugins + extensive Grafana dashboards)
Prometheus-native: CockroachDB, YugabyteDB, TiDB, ScyllaDB, Neo4j, ArangoDB, Dgraph, QuestDB, TDengine (expose native Prometheus endpoints; Telegraf scrapes via inputs.prometheus)
JMX-based: Cassandra, HBase (Java-based; monitored via Jolokia + Telegraf inputs.jolokia2)
Cloud-Managed Options
| Tool | AWS | Azure | GCP | Other Cloud |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PostgreSQL | RDS, Aurora PostgreSQL | Azure Database for PostgreSQL | Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL | Supabase, Neon, Aiven, Crunchy Bridge |
| MySQL | RDS, Aurora MySQL | Azure Database for MySQL | Cloud SQL for MySQL | PlanetScale (Vitess), Aiven |
| MariaDB | RDS for MariaDB | Azure Database for MariaDB | N/A (use Cloud SQL MySQL) | SkySQL (MariaDB Corp) |
| SQLite | N/A (embedded) | N/A | N/A | Turso (libSQL), LiteFS |
| CockroachDB | CockroachDB Cloud (AWS) | CockroachDB Cloud (Azure) | CockroachDB Cloud (GCP) | CockroachDB Dedicated |
| YugabyteDB | YugabyteDB Managed (AWS) | YugabyteDB Managed (Azure) | YugabyteDB Managed (GCP) | – |
| TiDB | TiDB Cloud (AWS) | N/A | TiDB Cloud (GCP) | – |
| SQL Server | RDS for SQL Server | Azure SQL Database, SQL Managed Instance | Cloud SQL for SQL Server | – |
| Oracle Database | RDS for Oracle | N/A (Oracle on Azure VMs) | N/A (Bare Metal) | OCI Autonomous DB, Exadata Cloud |
| IBM Db2 | N/A (Db2 on EC2) | N/A | N/A | IBM Cloud Databases for Db2 |
| MongoDB | Atlas (AWS) | Atlas (Azure) | Atlas (GCP) | MongoDB Atlas (multi-cloud) |
| CouchDB | N/A (self-hosted on EC2) | N/A | N/A | IBM Cloudant |
| FerretDB | On managed PostgreSQL (RDS) | On managed PostgreSQL (Azure) | On managed PostgreSQL (GCP) | – |
| Redis | ElastiCache, MemoryDB | Azure Cache for Redis | Memorystore for Redis | Redis Cloud (Redis Inc.) |
| Valkey | ElastiCache, MemoryDB | N/A | N/A | – |
| KeyDB | N/A (self-hosted) | N/A | N/A | – |
| DragonflyDB | Dragonfly Cloud (AWS) | N/A | Dragonfly Cloud (GCP) | – |
| Memcached | ElastiCache | Azure Cache (Memcached-compatible) | Memorystore for Memcached | – |
| Cassandra | Keyspaces (Cassandra-compatible) | Managed Instance for Cassandra | N/A | DataStax Astra |
| ScyllaDB | ScyllaDB Cloud (AWS) | N/A | ScyllaDB Cloud (GCP) | – |
| HBase | EMR (HBase) | HDInsight (HBase) | Bigtable (compatible API) | – |
| TimescaleDB | Timescale Cloud (AWS) | N/A | Timescale Cloud (GCP) | – |
| QuestDB | QuestDB Cloud (AWS) | N/A | N/A | – |
| TDengine | TDengine Cloud | N/A | N/A | – |
| Neo4j | AuraDB (AWS) | N/A | AuraDB (GCP) | – |
| ArangoDB | ArangoGraph (AWS) | ArangoGraph (Azure) | ArangoGraph (GCP) | – |
| Dgraph | Dgraph Cloud (AWS) | N/A | N/A | – |
| Vitess | PlanetScale (AWS) | N/A | PlanetScale (GCP) | – |
| PgBouncer | N/A (self-hosted; built into some managed PG) | Built into Azure Database for PostgreSQL | N/A | Aiven includes PgBouncer |
| ProxySQL | N/A (self-hosted) | N/A | N/A | – |
Best cloud coverage: PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, MongoDB (managed services on all three major clouds)
Self-hosted only: KeyDB, ProxySQL (no managed cloud service)
Tools
30 tools.
Apache Cassandra
Apache Cassandra is a distributed wide-column database designed for massive scale, high write throughput, and continuous availability with no single point of failure.
License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
Apache CouchDB
Apache CouchDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database that stores data as JSON documents and exposes all operations through a RESTful HTTP API.
License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
Apache HBase
Apache HBase is an open-source, distributed, wide-column database modeled after Google’s Bigtable paper.
License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
ArangoDB
ArangoDB is a native multi-model database that combines document, graph, key-value, and search capabilities in a single engine with a unified query language.
License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
CockroachDB
CockroachDB is a distributed SQL database designed for cloud-native applications requiring global scale, strong consistency, and survivability.
License: LicenseRef-BSL-1.1 (source-available) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
Dgraph
Dgraph is a horizontally scalable, distributed graph database with a native graph storage engine, offering a GraphQL-native API, its own DQL query language, and ACID transactions.
License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
DragonflyDB
DragonflyDB is a modern in-memory data store designed as a high-performance replacement for both Redis and Memcached.
License: LicenseRef-DragonflyDB-BSL (source-available) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker, k8s · SSO: none
FerretDB
FerretDB is an open-source MongoDB-compatible proxy that translates MongoDB wire protocol commands into SQL and stores data in PostgreSQL (using JSONB or the Microsoft DocumentDB extension) or SQLite.
License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker, k8s · SSO: none
IBM Db2
IBM Db2 is an enterprise relational database management system with a lineage dating back to 1983 and IBM’s pioneering work in relational database theory.
License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
KeyDB
KeyDB is a multithreaded fork of Redis developed by Snap Inc. (Snapchat’s parent company), designed to overcome Redis’s single-threaded architecture limitation.
License: BSD-3-Clause (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
MariaDB
MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MySQL, created in 2009 by MySQL’s original author Michael “Monty” Widenius after Oracle’s acquisition of Sun Microsystems.
License: GPL-2.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
Memcached
Memcached is a high-performance, distributed memory caching system designed to accelerate dynamic web applications by reducing database load.
License: BSD-3-Clause (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server is an enterprise relational database management system and one of the most widely deployed databases in corporate IT.
License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
MongoDB
MongoDB is the most widely adopted document database, storing data as flexible BSON (Binary JSON) documents rather than fixed-schema rows and columns.
License: SSPL-1.0 (source-available) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker, k8s · SSO: none
MySQL
MySQL is the world’s most popular open-source relational database, powering a vast number of web applications, SaaS platforms, and enterprise systems.
License: GPL-2.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
Neo4j
Neo4j is the most widely adopted graph database, purpose-built for storing and querying highly connected data.
License: GPL-3.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
Oracle Database
Oracle Database is the world’s most widely deployed enterprise relational database and the market leader in the RDBMS space.
License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
PgBouncer
PgBouncer is a lightweight connection pooler for PostgreSQL that sits between application clients and the PostgreSQL server, multiplexing many client connections onto a smaller number of server connections.
License: ISC (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is the world’s most advanced open-source relational database system, with over 35 years of active development.
License: PostgreSQL (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
ProxySQL
ProxySQL is a high-performance, protocol-aware proxy for MySQL and MariaDB that provides connection pooling, query routing, read/write splitting, query caching, and a query firewall.
License: GPL-3.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
QuestDB
QuestDB is a high-performance columnar time-series database designed for maximum ingestion throughput and fast analytical queries.
License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
Redis
Redis is the most widely used in-memory data structure store, serving as a database, cache, message broker, and streaming engine.
License: LicenseRef-Redis-RSALv2 (source-available) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
ScyllaDB
ScyllaDB is a high-performance, distributed wide-column database written in C++20 as a drop-in replacement for Apache Cassandra.
License: AGPL-3.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
SQLite
SQLite is the most widely deployed database in the world, embedded in virtually every smartphone, web browser, operating system, and countless applications. Created by D.
License: blessing (source-available) · Kind: web · Deploy: package · SSO: none
TDengine
TDengine is a purpose-built time-series database designed for IoT and Industrial IoT (IIoT) data at scale.
License: AGPL-3.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
TiDB
TiDB is an open-source, MySQL-compatible distributed SQL database from PingCAP, built for hybrid transactional and analytical processing (HTAP) with horizontal scaling via TiKV and TiFlash.
License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
TimescaleDB
TimescaleDB is a PostgreSQL extension that adds time-series capabilities to the world’s most advanced open-source relational database.
License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
Valkey
Valkey is a high-performance, BSD-3-licensed key-value data store created as a Linux Foundation fork of Redis 7.2 in March 2024, in response to Redis’s license change from BSD-3 to RSALv2/SSPLv1.
License: BSD-3-Clause (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none
Vitess
Vitess is a database clustering system for horizontal scaling of MySQL, originally developed at YouTube to handle the growth of YouTube’s MySQL infrastructure.
License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker, k8s · SSO: none
YugabyteDB
YugabyteDB is a high-performance distributed SQL database designed for cloud-native applications requiring PostgreSQL compatibility with horizontal scalability.
License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none
