License & Deployment Mix: 18 tools – 9 OSS, 8 SaaS. (OSS and SaaS counts can overlap when an open-source tool also offers a vendor-hosted edition.)

What Is a Password Manager?

A password manager is a tool that securely stores, generates, organizes, and shares passwords, credentials, and other sensitive data. Enterprise password managers extend beyond personal password vaults to provide:

  • Encrypted vaults – zero-knowledge architecture where only the user’s master password (or key) can decrypt stored credentials; the service operator cannot access vault contents
  • Password generation – cryptographically random passwords with configurable length, complexity, and character sets
  • Secure sharing – share credentials with individuals or groups without revealing the plaintext password; shared folders and collections for team access
  • Multi-factor authentication – TOTP, WebAuthn /FIDO2, hardware keys (YubiKey), and biometric second factors for vault access
  • Breach monitoring – checks stored passwords against known breach databases (Have I Been Pwned); alerts for compromised, reused, or weak passwords
  • Audit logs – track who accessed which credentials, when, and from where; compliance reporting for SOC 2, ISO 27001, HIPAA
  • Password policies – enforce minimum length, complexity, rotation schedules, and MFA requirements across the organization
  • Browser extensions – auto-fill credentials in web forms; detect new logins and offer to save them; detect password changes and update stored entries
  • Mobile apps – iOS and Android native apps with biometric unlock and auto-fill integration (iOS AutoFill, Android Autofill Framework)
  • CLI access – command-line tools for scripting, automation, and developer workflows; retrieve secrets programmatically
  • Secrets management – some password managers extend into infrastructure secrets (API keys, certificates, SSH keys, environment variables)

Password managers are a critical security tool for any organization. Weak, reused, or compromised passwords remain the leading cause of data breaches. A team password manager eliminates password reuse, enables secure credential sharing, and provides audit visibility into credential access.

The information on these pages was researched by a combination of human review and large language models. To suggest an addition or correction, please contact us. Prepared by Rhodium Systems Inc., author of the ResorsIT platform — a unified IT operations management platform for IT teams and MSPs that integrates a curated suite of open-source, commercial, and SaaS applications into a single system with shared identity, single sign-on, access control, and a common audit trail. Use this catalogue only as a starting point for your own research, and review any tool carefully against your own requirements before relying on it. Catalogue data version 2026.197.

Comparison


SSO / OIDC Comparison

OIDC is the preferred SSO protocol. The table notes each tool’s behaviour with Authentik as the IdP.

ToolOIDCSAMLSCIMAuthentik Notes
BitwardenYesYesYesOIDC/SAML via organization SSO; requires Key Connector for SSO without master password; SCIM for directory sync
VaultwardenYes*NoNoOIDC via OpenID Connect plugin (experimental); no SAML or SCIM; community-maintained
PassboltNoNoNoNo SSO in Community Edition; SSO (OIDC, SAML, AD) in Pro/Cloud editions only
PsonoYesYesNoNative OIDC and SAML support; configurable identity providers; works with Authentik
KeePassXCN/AN/AN/ADesktop application; no web-based SSO; authentication is local database file + key file
PadlocNoNoNoNo SSO support; email-based authentication only
TeampassNoNoYes*LDAP only; no OIDC or SAML; limited SCIM-like directory sync
sysPassNoNoNoLDAP authentication only; no OIDC or SAML
PleasantYesYesNoOIDC and SAML via Active Directory Federation Services or third-party IdPs
ManageEngine PMPNoYesNoSAML SSO; AD/LDAP integration; no native OIDC
1PasswordYesYesYesOIDC via Unlock with SSO (OIDC); SAML for enterprise; SCIM directory sync; Authentik as IdP
LastPassYes*YesYesFederated login (SAML/OIDC) for enterprise; SCIM/AD sync; requires LastPass Identity add-on for full SSO
DashlaneYesYesYesConfidential SSO (OIDC); SAML enterprise SSO; SCIM directory sync; Authentik as IdP
KeeperYesYesYesSSO Connect Cloud (SAML/OIDC); SCIM automated provisioning; AD Bridge for on-prem sync
NordPassYesYesYesOIDC and SAML for Business/Enterprise; SCIM for directory sync via Azure AD, Okta, or custom
Zoho VaultYes*YesNoZoho’s own OIDC; SAML for external IdPs; directory sync via AD/LDAP; Authentik as SAML IdP
Proton PassNoNoNoNo SSO support; Proton account authentication only; single identity model
RoboFormNoYesYesSAML SSO for enterprise; SCIM directory sync; no native OIDC

* = requires specific configuration, add-on, or enterprise plan

Best SSO support: Bitwarden (OIDC, SAML, SCIM), 1Password (OIDC, SAML, SCIM), Keeper (OIDC, SAML, SCIM), Dashlane (OIDC, SAML, SCIM)

No SSO: Padloc, Proton Pass (Proton account only), sysPass (LDAP only)


API Comparison

ToolAPI TypeAuthWebhooksSDKs
BitwardenRESTOAuth2, API keyYes (event logs)CLI, Go, JS, Python (community)
VaultwardenREST (Bitwarden-compatible)OAuth2, API keyYes (via Bitwarden API)CLI (Bitwarden CLI), community
PassboltRESTGPG-signed authYes (email notifications)PHP, JS (community)
PsonoRESTToken, API keyNoPython (community)
KeePassXCCLI, D-BusN/A (local)NoKeePassXC-Browser protocol
PadlocREST (limited)TokenNoNone
TeampassRESTAPI keyNoNone
sysPassRESTTokenNoNone
PleasantRESTAPI key, Windows AuthYes (event triggers)PowerShell
ManageEngine PMPRESTToken, OAuth2Yes (syslog, SIEM)Java
1PasswordREST (Connect)Token, service accountYes (event API)Go, JS, Python, CLI
LastPassREST (limited)OAuth2, API keyYes (SIEM events)PowerShell, Python (community)
DashlaneREST (limited)OAuth2Yes (SIEM events)CLI
KeeperRESTOAuth2, API keyYes (SIEM events, webhooks)Python, JS, Java, .NET, CLI
NordPassREST (limited)OAuth2Yes (activity logs)None official
Zoho VaultRESTOAuth2Yes (webhooks)Java, Python, PHP (Zoho SDKs)
Proton PassREST (limited)Proton sessionNoNone official (GPLv3 clients)
RoboFormREST (limited)API keyNoNone official

Security Audit History

ToolAuditor(s)Last AuditKey FindingsPublished
BitwardenCure53Annual (latest 2024)Clean – no critical issues; minor/low findings resolvedYes (full reports)
VaultwardenERNW + BSI2024Auth bypass found and fixed; not covered by Bitwarden auditsYes (BSI report)
PassboltCure532021, 2023, 2025Clean – GPG-based model validated; minor findingsYes (full reports)
PsonoCure53, X41 D-Sec, TroventMultiple (2019-2023)Clean – no critical findings across multiple auditsYes (summaries)
KeePassXCNone formalN/ANo formal third-party audit; community-reviewed; minor CVEs (clipboard, browser integration)N/A
PadlocRadically Open Security2022Clean – no critical findings; minor issues resolvedYes (full report)
TeampassNone recent2017 (last known)AVOID: multiple unaudited CVEs since; SQL injection, XSS, file upload vulnerabilitiesN/A
sysPassNoneN/ANo known third-party audit; unknown security postureN/A
PleasantNot publishedUnknownProprietary; no published audit reportsNo
ManageEngine PMPNot publishedUnknownProprietary; SOC 2 Type II certifiedNo
1PasswordISE, SecfaultAnnualClean – SRP protocol validated; no critical findings; zero-knowledge verifiedYes (summaries)
LastPassUndisclosedPre-2022Audit history irrelevant – catastrophic 2022 breach demonstrated systemic security failuresUnknown
DashlaneUndisclosedAnnualSOC 2 Type II; no published pentest reports; clean track recordNo
KeeperNCC GroupQuarterlyClean – FedRAMP High authorized; FIPS 140-2 validated; strongest commercial audit cadenceYes (summaries)
NordPassCure532020Clean – zero-knowledge architecture verified; SOC 2 Type II certifiedYes (summary)
Zoho VaultUndisclosedAnnualSOC 2, ISO 27001 certified; no published pentest reportsNo
Proton PassCure532023Clean – end-to-end encryption verified; minor findings resolvedYes (full report)
RoboFormSecfault2023Clean – no critical findings; AES-256 implementation verifiedYes (summary)

Security Incidents

ToolNotable IncidentsSeverityStatus
BitwardenNo breaches; 2023 auto-fill phishing vector (by design, documented); SOC 2 Type IINoneClean
Vaultwarden2024 ERNW audit found auth bypass (fixed in 1.32.0); community project with smaller attack surface reviewMediumFixed
PassboltNo breaches; no critical CVEsNoneClean
PsonoNo breaches; no critical CVEsNoneClean
KeePassXCNo breaches; minor CVEs (CVE-2023-35866 clipboard; CVE-2023-32784 memory dump – KeePass, not XC)LowMitigated
PadlocNo breaches; no known CVEsNoneClean
TeampassAVOID: CVE-2023-1545 (SQL injection), CVE-2023-2591 (stored XSS), CVE-2023-4290 (arbitrary file upload), CVE-2022-27773 (access control bypass), many more dating back yearsCriticalOngoing risk
sysPassNo public breaches; CVE-2023-3953 (XSS); limited security visibilityUnknownUnknown
PleasantNo public breaches; proprietary – limited visibilityUnknownUnknown
ManageEngine PMPCVE-2022-35405 (RCE – CISA KEV listed); CVE-2023-35785 (auth bypass); requires patching vigilanceHighPatched
1PasswordNo breaches; 2023 Okta incident (limited to support system, no vault access); strong responseNone (vault)Clean
LastPassCATASTROPHIC 2022 breach: encrypted vaults + metadata stolen; DevOps engineer home PC compromised; $438M+ crypto stolen from cracked vaults through 2025; $150M Ripple heist (2024); $24.5M class-action settlement (2025). Earlier: 2015 breach, 2021 credential stuffingCriticalAVOID
Dashlane2022 marketing database exposure (no vault data); no vault breachLowClean
KeeperNo breaches; no critical CVEs; never breached; strongest clean record among commercial toolsNoneClean
NordPassNo breaches; parent company Nord Security had 2019 server incident (NordVPN, not NordPass)None (NordPass)Clean
Zoho VaultNo breaches; Zoho platform phishing incidents (2020) did not affect Vault serviceNone (Vault)Clean
Proton PassNo breaches; Proton Mail phishing campaigns (not Pass-specific)None (Pass)Clean
RoboFormNo breaches; 2024 researcher demonstrated historical key derivation weakness (pre-2015 versions) – modern versions unaffectedNone (current)Clean

Password Management Features

ToolEncryptionSharingMFABreach MonitorPoliciesBrowser ExtMobileCLISecrets MgmtPasskeys
BitwardenAES-256 + Argon2idCollections, orgsTOTP, FIDO2, DuoYes (vault health)Yes (enterprise)All majoriOS, AndroidYesYes (Secrets Manager)Yes (store + use)
VaultwardenAES-256 + Argon2idCollections, orgsTOTP, FIDO2Yes (vault health)LimitedAll majoriOS, AndroidYes (BW CLI)NoYes (store + use)
PassboltOpenPGP (RSA/ECC)Folders, groupsTOTP, FIDO2NoYes (Pro)Chrome, FirefoxMobile webYesNoNo
PsonoNaCl (Curve25519 + XSalsa20)Folders, groupsTOTP, FIDO2, DuoNoYesChrome, FirefoxAndroidYesYes (env variables)No
KeePassXCAES-256 / ChaCha20 + Argon2idFile-based sharingKey file, YubiKeyYes (HIBP check)N/A (local)KeePassXC-BrowserVia KeePass2Android / StrongboxCLI built-inNoNo
PadlocAES-256 + PBKDF2/Argon2Vaults, groupsTOTPNoNoChrome, Firefox, SafariiOS, AndroidNoNoNo
TeampassAES-256 + DefuseFolders, rolesTOTP, DuoNoYesNo (web only)NoNoNoNo
sysPassAES-256 + PBKDF2Categories, profilesTOTPNoLimitedNo (web only)NoNoNoNo
PleasantAES-256Folders, rolesTOTP, RADIUSNoYesChrome, FirefoxiOS, AndroidPowerShellNoNo
ManageEngine PMPAES-256 + FIPS 140-2Resource groups, rolesTOTP, RADIUS, smart cardNoYes (extensive)Chrome, FirefoxiOS, AndroidCLI, APIYes (service accounts)No
1PasswordAES-256 + SRP + Secret KeyVaults, groupsTOTP, FIDO2, DuoYes (Watchtower)Yes (business)All majoriOS, AndroidYesYes (service accounts)Yes (store + use)
LastPassAES-256 + PBKDF2Folders, sharing centerTOTP, FIDO2, DuoYes (dark web monitor)Yes (enterprise)All majoriOS, AndroidYes (legacy)NoYes (limited)
DashlaneAES-256 + Argon2dGroups, sharingTOTP, FIDO2Yes (dark web monitor)Yes (business)All majoriOS, AndroidYesYes (Secrets)Yes (store + use)
KeeperAES-256 + PBKDF2/Argon2Shared folders, rolesTOTP, FIDO2, Duo, RSAYes (BreachWatch)Yes (extensive)All majoriOS, AndroidYes (Commander)Yes (Secrets Manager)Yes (store + use)
NordPassXChaCha20 + Argon2idFolders, groupsTOTP, FIDO2Yes (Data Breach Scanner)Yes (business)All majoriOS, AndroidNoNoYes (store + use)
Zoho VaultAES-256 + PBKDF2Chambers, groupsTOTP, YubiKeyNoYes (enterprise)All majoriOS, AndroidCLINoNo
Proton PassAES-256 + Argon2 (via SRP)Vaults sharingTOTP (built-in)Yes (Pass Monitor)LimitedChrome, Firefox, Brave, EdgeiOS, Androidpass CLINoYes (store + use)
RoboFormAES-256 + PBKDF2Shared folders, groupsTOTP, FIDO2Yes (Security Center)Yes (business)All majoriOS, AndroidNoNoYes (limited)

Deployment and Licensing

ToolLicenseSelf-HostedDatabasePricing Model
BitwardenAGPL-3.0 (server) / GPL-3.0 (clients)Yes (Docker)MSSQL, PostgreSQL, MySQLFree (2 users); Premium $10/yr; Families $40/yr; Teams $4/user/mo; Enterprise $6/user/mo
VaultwardenAGPL-3.0Yes (Docker)SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQLFree (open source); community-maintained
PassboltAGPL-3.0Yes (Docker, deb, rpm)MySQL/MariaDBFree (CE); Pro EUR 49/user/yr; Cloud EUR 54/user/yr
PsonoApache 2.0Yes (Docker)PostgreSQLFree (OSS); Enterprise on request
KeePassXCGPL-2.0+N/A (desktop app)Local KDBX fileFree (open source)
PadlocAGPL-3.0Yes (Docker)LevelDB, PostgreSQLFree (OSS); Premium $3/user/mo (SaaS)
TeampassGPL-3.0Yes (LAMP)MySQL/MariaDBFree (open source)
sysPassGPL-3.0Yes (Docker, LAMP)MySQL/MariaDBFree (open source)
PleasantProprietaryYes (Windows/.NET)SQL ServerFrom $500/server + per-user licenses
ManageEngine PMPProprietaryYes (Windows, Linux)PostgreSQL, MSSQLFree (5 users); Standard from $595/yr; Enterprise from $3,995/yr
1PasswordProprietary SaaSNoManaged cloudIndividual $2.99/mo; Families $4.99/mo; Teams $19.95/mo (10 users); Business $7.99/user/mo
LastPassProprietary SaaSNoManaged cloudFree (1 device type); Premium $3/mo; Families $4/mo; Teams $4/user/mo; Business $7/user/mo
DashlaneProprietary SaaSNoManaged cloudFree (25 passwords); Premium $4.99/mo; Business $8/user/mo
KeeperProprietary SaaSNoManaged cloudPersonal $2.92/mo; Family $6.25/mo; Business $3.75/user/mo; Enterprise on request
NordPassProprietary SaaSNoManaged cloudFree (1 device); Premium $1.49/mo; Business $3.99/user/mo; Enterprise $5.99/user/mo
Zoho VaultProprietary SaaSNoManaged cloudFree (1 user); Standard $1/user/mo; Professional $4/user/mo; Enterprise $7/user/mo
Proton PassProprietary SaaS (GPLv3 clients)NoManaged cloud (Swiss)Free; Pass Plus $1.99/mo; Proton Unlimited $9.99/mo (bundle); Business $6.99/user/mo
RoboFormProprietary SaaSNoManaged cloudFree (1 device); Premium $2.49/mo; Business $3.99/user/mo

Tools

18 tools.

1Password

1Password is a leading commercial password manager developed by AgileBits Inc. (Toronto, Canada). It provides password storage, secure notes, document storage, and identity management across all major platforms.

License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: saas · SSO: OIDC, SAML

Website

Bitwarden

Bitwarden is the most widely deployed open-source password manager, used by millions of individuals and thousands of organizations worldwide.

License: AGPL-3.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: OIDC

Website · Source

Dashlane

Dashlane is a commercial cloud password manager using AES-256 encryption with Argon2d and a zero-knowledge model, offering vault storage, passkeys, dark web monitoring, and patented Confidential SSO.

License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: saas · SSO: SAML

Website

KeePassXC

KeePassXC is a community-driven cross-platform fork of KeePassX, which itself is a port of the original KeePass Password Safe for Windows.

License: GPL-2.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: saas, docker, native, package · SSO: none

Website · Source

Keeper

Keeper Security is a commercial password manager and privileged access management (PAM) platform founded in 2011 (Chicago, USA).

License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: saas · SSO: OIDC

Website

LastPass

LastPass is a commercial password manager originally developed by Marvasol Inc. and later acquired by LogMeIn (2015), then spun off as an independent company (2021).

License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: saas · SSO: OIDC, SAML

Website

ManageEngine Password Manager Pro

ManageEngine Password Manager Pro (PMP) is an enterprise privileged access management (PAM) and password management solution developed by Zoho Corporation’s ManageEngine division.

License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none

Website

NordPass

NordPass is a commercial password manager developed by Nord Security, the parent company of NordVPN.

License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: saas · SSO: OIDC

Website

Padloc

Padloc is a minimalist, open-source password manager with web, desktop, and mobile clients, using client-side AES-256 encryption, shared vaults, TOTP, and organization management.

License: AGPL-3.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none

Website · Source

Passbolt

Passbolt is an open-source password manager for teams that encrypts each secret per- recipient using OpenPGP key pairs, so the server never holds plaintext credentials; self-hosted or cloud-hosted.

License: AGPL-3.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none

Website · Source

Pleasant Password Server

Pleasant Password Server is a Windows-based enterprise password management solution built on .NET and SQL Server.

License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: OIDC, SAML

Website

Proton Pass

Proton Pass is a password manager developed by Proton AG, the Swiss company behind Proton Mail, Proton VPN, and Proton Drive. Launched in 2023, it is the newest product in Proton’s privacy-focused suite.

License: GPL-3.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: saas · SSO: none

Website · Source

Psono

Psono is an open-source password manager designed for teams and enterprises, with the most permissive license (Apache 2.0) among server-based open-source password managers.

License: Apache-2.0 (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: OIDC

Website · Source

RoboForm

RoboForm is one of the oldest password managers in the industry, originally launched in 1999 by Siber Systems. It began as an advanced form-filling tool and evolved into a full password management platform.

License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: saas · SSO: none

Website

sysPass

sysPass is a PHP-based web password manager designed for IT teams and system administrators. It provides a centralized web interface for storing and managing passwords with categories, client profiles, and user/group-based access controls.

License: GPL-3.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none

Website · Source

Teampass

Teampass is a PHP-based collaborative password manager designed for teams. It provides a web interface for storing, organizing, and sharing credentials with role-based access controls.

License: GPL-3.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native · SSO: none

Website · Source

Vaultwarden

Vaultwarden (formerly bitwarden_rs) is a community-maintained, lightweight alternative implementation of the Bitwarden server API written in Rust.

License: AGPL-3.0-only (OSS) · Kind: web · Deploy: native, docker · SSO: none

Website · Source

Zoho Vault

Zoho Vault is the password management component of the Zoho ecosystem, which encompasses over 200 business applications including CRM, mail, projects, and analytics.

License: Proprietary (proprietary) · Kind: web · Deploy: saas · SSO: none

Website

ResorsIT Tools Catalog Search